the government regulates financial markets for three main reasons




Financial regulation in the U.S.
Dodd-Frank Act
Federal Reserve
Consumer Financial Protection Chest
Commercial enterprise standard by state

The USA financial system is a network that facilitates exchanges betwixt lenders and borrowers. The arrangement, which includes banks and investment firms, is the base for all economic activeness in the nation. According to the Federal Stockpile, commercial enterprise regulation has deuce main intended purposes: to ensure the safety and wisdom of the financial organization and to provide and enforce rules that aim to protect consumers. The regulatory framework varies across industries, with different regulations applying to assorted financial services.^[1]

Individual federal and state entities bear different and sometimes related to responsibilities within the regulatory system. For example, individual states and three federal agencies—the Federal soldier Reserve, the Government agency of Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), and the Federal official Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)—regularise commercial banks. Other sectors of the fiscal marketplace are regulated past specific entities.^[2] ^[3]

Some, much as the Brookings Institution, argue that expanded governmental regularization of banks and financial products (e.g., mortgages) can keep big financial crises, protect consumers from abusive practices, and steady financial markets. Others, such as the Cato Institute, argue that over-regulation of banks of banks and commercial enterprise products burdens business, stalls system growth, and does little, if anything, to stabilize financial markets. Beyond this basic debate just about the role of the government in regulating the private financial sector, there are varying opinions about the proper extent of governmental regulation.^[4] ^[5]

This article provides information about the federal financial regulatory structure, including summary descriptions of laws, agencies, and congressional committees. Construe with the tabs below for further data:

Background: This lozenge provides contextual information about financial regularization, including key term definitions and historical background.
Federal statute law: This tab provides drumhead information about select federal financial regulatory laws.
Northern agencies: This tab provides information virtually agencies involved in implementing and enforcing government finance insurance policy.
Congressional committees: This yellow journalism provides information about the congressional committees and subcommittees that are interested in setting Union finance policy.
Recent lawmaking: This tab provides information recent bills relating to financial regulation that have got been introduced in the Merged States Congress.

Background

Key footing and definitions

The following is a list of key terms that are used throughout this article:

Commercial bank: An entity that provides financial services to individuals and businesses; commercial banks provide a variety of financial products and services, including savings accounts, checking accounts, and certificates of deposit.^[6]
Credit union: A financial entity similar to a full service bank that is owned by its members.^[7]
Depository institution: A financial entity, much as a rely or credit union, that accepts deposits from individuals and pays matter to connected those deposits.^[8]
Financial system: The network of financial entities that facilitates exchanges between lenders and borrowers.^[9]
Investing banking: A form of banking that is "related to the creation of Washington for separate companies, governments, and early entities. Investment Banks insure new debt and equity securities for all types of corporations, aid in the sale of securities, and help to help mergers and acquisitions, reorganizations and broker trades for both institutions and private investors."^[10]
Security: A security "represents an ownership position in a publically listed corporation (stock), a creditor relationship with a governmental consistence or a corporation (bond), or rights to possession as pictured by an option."^[11]

Historical context

In October 1907, a financial crisis known as the Panic of 1907 occurred in the US Government. Also known as the Knickerbocker Crisis, the Terror of 1907 began with a unsuccessful attempt to fake the stocks of the United Copper Company. As the manipulation failed, banks that had lent money for the purpose of manipulating United Copper's stocks, including the Knickerbocker Trust Companionship, began to fail. This triggered a rush of depositors hard-to-please their money cover from Knickerbocker, leading to the company's collapse. This collapse stoked fears that other Sir Joseph Banks would snuff it bankrupt, and so customers began withdrawing their funds from territorial banks. This, in turn, caused a recession as Banks failed ascribable want of funds. During this time, the Greater New York Stemm Exchange fell by about incomplete.^[12] ^[13]

The lack of a important bank for the United States, which proponents argued might have provided a source of assets for troubled commercial enterprise institutions, was seen by some to be a movement of the Panic of 1907. In 1910, Senator Nelson Aldrich (R) introduced legislation for the creation of a bicentric depository financial institution. The first of all bill failed to pass, merely commissariat of it were incorporated into the Federal Reserve Behave of 1913. This act up provided for the creation of the Federal Reserve System (also titled the Fed), the central coin bank of the United States government. The establishment of the Union soldier Set aside marked a key turn point in the federal government's regulation of the backstage financial sector.^[14]

A breadline in New House of York City during the Great Depression

In the wake of the Depression, a cosmopolitan scheme depression in the 1930s, the United States government adopted the Glass-Steagall Act, which represented an expansion of the federal government's role in regulating the financial sphere. The Glass-Steagall Enactment was a direct reaction to banking failures; the law wanted to prevent future failures aside separating commercial banking and securities activities. The role of the Federal Reserve in the Great Depression has been a subject of fence. According to past Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, the actions of the Fed were a drive of the Nifty Depression. Bernanke said the Fed's decision to raise interest rates in 1928 and 1929 contributed to the low. The farm was an attempt to limit speculation in the securities commercialise, but instead slowed economic activity as investors feared losing money due to splashines on their investments. Economic expert Milton Friedman argued that the Federal Reserve did not cause the depression, but that mistakes in insurance prevented the Federal from stopping the recession from flattering a depression.^[15] ^[16]

More recently, the financial crisis of 2008, sometimes referred to atomic number 3 the Nifty Recession, launched the United States and the global economy into the most severe slump since the Great Depression. Investopedia, an online commercial enterprise encyclopedia, describes the recession as follows:^[17]

"	During the American housing boom of the mid-2000s, financial institutions began marketing mortgage-stiff-backed securities (MBSs) and sophisticated derivative products at unprecedented levels. When the real demesne market collapsed in 2007, these securities declined precipitously in value, jeopardizing the solvency of concluded-leveraged Banks and financial institutions in the U.S. and Europe. Although the worldwide economy was already feeling the clench of a credit crisis that had been unfolding since 2007, things came to a head a year by and by with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the country's fourth-largest investment bank, in September 2008. The contagion cursorily spread to other economies around the world, most notably in Europe. As a result of the Great Recess, the United States alone drop more than 7.5 million jobs, causing its unemployment rate to double. Promote, American households lost roughly $16 trillion of network worth as a result of the stock market absorb.^[18]	"
—Investopedia

There are competitory theories as to what led to the housing boom and bubble that spurred the recession of 2008. There is also public debate about whether the overturn of the Glass-Steagall Routine in 1999 contributed to the recession. In 2008, at the height of the crisis, U.S. gross lodging product emergence slowed to 0.4 percent. The commonwealth's unemployment rate pointed, hitting 10 pct in October 2009.^[19] ^[20] ^[21]

This period of adynamic growth and high unemployment lasted from December 2007 to June 2009. During this time, the federal political science spent $700 billion via the Troubled Asset Fill-i Computer program (TARP) in an assay to support the failing financial system. Lawmakers supporting TARP claimed that positive financial institutions, so much as Citigroup and Wells Fargo, were "too big to go," meaning that the failure of these entities would threaten the full financial system. Critics referred to this program as a "bailout," arguing that the program forced taxpayers to rescue, OR "bailout," a reclusive industriousness.^[22] ^[23]

In 2009, Representative Barney Frank (D) and Senator Chris Dodd (D) drafted a financial regulation bill, known as Dodd-Frank, which was introduced in the US Government Household of Representatives in Dec 2009 and enacted the following year. According to the U.S. House of Representatives Financial Services Committee, Dodd-Frank created 400 new financial regulations. Additionally, the bill created foursome new federal agencies: the Consumer Business Protection Bureau (CFPB), the Authority of Fiscal Research (OFR), the Federal Insurance Office (FIO), and the Financial Stability Supervising Council (FSOC).^[24] ^[25]

Fed legislating

Dodd-Frank Act (2010)

See also: Dodd-Outspoken Act

The stated purpose of the Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, adopted in 2010, was "to boost the financial stableness of the U.S.A by improving accountability and transparency in the financial system of rules, to end 'too big to die,' to protect the American taxpayer past ending bailouts, to protect consumers from offensive financial services practices, and for other purposes."^[26]

According to the House Fiscal Services Committee, Dodd-Blunt created 400 new financial regulations. Additionally, the sixteen-style roleplay created four freshly federal agencies: the Consumer Fiscal Protection Bureau (CFPB), the Office of Financial Research (OFR), the Federal Insurance Office (FIO), and the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC).^[27]

The act was subject to debate. Proponents argued that the regulations mandated aside the Dodd-Frank Act were necessary for fiscal markets. Opponents, however, argued that the rules in the act would not mitigate financial risk and challenged the constitutionality of the act. At the signing ceremony for the turn, President Barack Obama said the following:^[28]

"	The fact is, the financial industry is central to our country's power to grow, to prosper, to compete and to innovate. There are a fate of banks that understand and fulfill this vital role, and there are a whole lot of bankers who want to do right -- and do right -- by their customers. This reform will help foster innovation, not halter it. It is designed to make sure that everybody follows the same set of rules, so that firms vie connected terms and quality, not on tricks and not on traps.^[18]	"
—President Barack Obama

John Boehner (R), the House nonage leader at the prison term of the bill's passage, same the following on July 15, 2010:^[29]

It ought to be repealed. The business reclaim bill is foolish. On that point are common-sense things that we should behave to plug the holes in the regulatory system that (already) were there and to bring more transparency to fiscal transactions. It's going to penalize every banker in United States of America for the sins of a few on Fence Street.^[18]

Emergency Economic Stabilisation Act (2008)

See likewise: Emergency Economic Stabilization Play of 2008

The Exigency Economic Stabilization Enactment (EESA) is a business enterprise regularization police adopted in 2008. According to Secretary of the Treasury Henry Paulson, the purpose of the bill was to stabilize the economy in the wake of the 2008 niche. The constabulary given the US Department of the Treasury the authority to purchase upbound to $700 billion in troubled assets via the Troubled Plus Relief Program (TARP). Troubled assets were defined by the Congressional Budget Bureau as assets that were determined to be in risk of failing and the purchase of which would promote financial constancy. The act is sometimes referred to by critics as the bailout. ^[30]

Opinion on the EESA was divided. Reported to proponents, the law was necessary to foreclose the recession from deterioration. President George W. Bush (R), who communicative the legislation into law, said the pursuit:^[31]

"	I recognize some Americans have concerns about this legislation, peculiarly most the government's role and the bill's cost. As a severe supporter of laissez-faire economy, I think government intervention should occur only when needful. In this situation, natural action is clearly incumbent. And ultimately, the price -- ultimately, the toll to taxpayers will comprise far inferior than the first outlay. See, the government will purchase troubled assets and once the market recovers, it is apt that many another of the assets will move out upwards in value. And terminated time, Americans should bear that much -- if not every -- of the tax dollars we invest will be post-free back.^[18]	"
—George Walker Bush

However, critics claimed that legislation amounted to a bailout of unsatisfactory private commercial enterprise firms by taxpayers. In October 2010, Senator Elizabeth I Robert Penn Warren (D) aforementioned the following regarding the curriculum's purchase of assets from American English International Group (AIG):^[32]

"	The rescue of AIG continues to have a poisonous set up on the marketplace. By providing a complete rescue that called for none shared ritual killing on the depart of AIG and its creditors, the governance fundamentally changed the rules of the game on Wall Street. As long as the biggest companies in America believe that you and I volition bail them tabu, the worst personal effects of the AIG rescue will linger.^[18]	"
—Senator Elizabeth Warren

Former Congresswoman Saint John the Apostle Boehner (R), House Minority Leader at the time of the EESA's enactment, voted in favou the EESA, but later opposing the implementation of Tarpaulin. Responding to President Barack Obama's request to grant the program the final exam $350 billion allocated to information technology by the EESA, Boehner wrote the pursuing in January 2009:^[33]

"	I remain frustrated about the way TARP has been managed and how its resources own been dog-tired over the last respective months. From the offset, the program has been implemented with too undersize transparency and in a way inconsistent with the way it was presented to Congress last fall.^[18]	"
—Former Representative John Boehner

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (1999)

Project also: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

The Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLBA), also known atomic number 3 the Business enterprise Services Modernization Act upon of 1999, was passed in November 1999. The law repealed the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933, which limited securities activities within commercial banks and interactions betwixt moneymaking banks and securities firms. The passage of the GLBA allowed commercial Banks, investment banks, securities firms, and insurance companies to interact in shipway not permitted under Glass-Steagall. The GLBA strange regulations for the ways financial institutions handle private information about their customers.^[34]

According to some politicians and economists, the passage of the GLBA and, with it, the abrogation of Glass-Steagall, contributed to the business crisis of 2008. According to economist Joseph Stiglitz, "A we stripped rachis the older regulations, we did nothing to cover the new challenges posed away 21st-100 markets." Others argued that the repeal of Glass-Steagall had nothing to do with the crisis, or that the effects were tike. In a 2015 audience, former prexy Bill Clinton, who signed the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Behave into law, said, "In that respect's not a single, unaccompanied lesson that [the lift of Field glass-Steagall] had anything to do with the financial crash."^[35] ^[36]

Truth in Lending Act upon (1968)

According to the Office of the Accountant of the Currency, the Truth in Loaning Number (TILA) is a Union law intended to promote straight credit billing and credit card practices. The act was signed into jurisprudence by Chairman Lyndon B. President Johnson in 1968 and took effect in July 1969. Initially, the act gave regulatory authority to the Union soldier Reserve Board, but this authority was transferred to the Consumer Business enterprise Aegis Bureau in July 2011 as part of the Dodd-Frank Number.^[37] ^[38]

TILA mandated that all consumer lenders disclose to borrowers the annual percentage rate, or APR, of loans. This was in answer to misleading interest charge per unit calculations some lenders had been using. TILA likewise required lenders to provide consumers with loan cost information, including the length of the loanword and total costs, and mandated that loans splattered nether the act be content to a three-day period during which a client could back unsuccessful of the loan work.^[37] ^[39]

Glass-Steagall Act (1933)

Senator Carter Glass and Representative Henry B. Steagall

Accordant to the Congressional Research Service, the Glass-Steagall Act, also called the Banking Enactment of 1933, was enacted to limit the interaction between investment and inferior Banks.^[40] ^[41]

Commonly, Looking glass-Steagal refers to four specific provisions of the law. These four provisions separated commercial and investment banking away preventing penis banks of the Federal Reserve from dealing in non-governmental securities for customers, investing in non-investment-form securities for themselves, underwriting and distributing not-governmental securities, or affiliating with any company involved in these activities. This separation also prevented investment banks from acceptive deposits from customers.^[40] ^[42]

In the 1960s, bank regulators and the Function of the Comptroller of the Currency issued interpretations of the human action that allowed banks and affiliates to engage in increasing amounts of securities activities. Beginning in the 1980s, the United States Congress debated repealing the act. The act was repealed in 1999 via the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Human activity.^[40] ^[42]

Federal agencies

Consumer Financial Protection Chest

Check also: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) is an unaffiliated politics agency created in 2010. It is responsible for consumer shelter in the financial industry. The CFPB serves every bit the restrictive body responsible for consumer shelter in the financial sphere. The CFPB may take action against institutions that hire acquisitive practices, nice, or commit fraud, among former practices. The CFPB butt write and enforce regulations for financial institutions with assets exceeding $10 zillion, as well as their affiliates. Littler institutions are regulated by state-level agencies. Lists of institutions regulated by the CFPB by year are available here.^[43]

Section of the Treasury

Picture also: U.S. Department of the Treasury

The Department of the Treasury is a Amalgamate States executive department ingrained in 1789. The department was originally formed as a solution to managing the finances of the federal regime. The department is headed by the Secretair of the Treasury, a cabinet-level position. The Secretary of the Treasury is tasked with advising the president on economic and fiscal insurance. The secretary also serves as the chief treasurer of the federal government. The department's responsibilities include supervision national banks, enforcing federal finance laws, and publishing financial statistics reports.^[44]

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

See also: Federal official Bank Insurance policy Corp

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures money box deposits up to $250,000.

The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is an unconditional regime corporation that provides deposit insurance to Sir Joseph Banks. Deposit insurance covers a depositor's accounts dollar-for-dollar bill in the event of a bank failure surgery closing, ensuring that depositors do not drop off their money as a result of a bank's actions. The FDIC was created as part of the Glass-Steagall Act, after numerous depository financial institution failures had eroded trust in the nation's banking system of rules. Bank failures occur when banks are unable to meet their financial obligations and thus become belly-up. A Sir Joseph Banks failed, many depositors began withdrawing money from their own banks, fearing that they too would also become belly-up. These mass withdrawals, referred to as banking concern runs, further eroded entrust in the banking industry, every bit Sir Joseph Banks closed after being unable to wield the volume of withdrawal requests. At its creation, the FDIC insurance limit was $2,500. This limit has been lifted periodically since its creation; most late, the Dodd-Candid Act expanded this coverage to the modern level of $250,000.^[45] ^[46]

The FDIC does not receive public funds. Instead, the FDIC is funded by rank dues salaried by extremity banks. While no federal law mandates participation, most states require Sir Joseph Banks to be members in the FDIC to be chartered in the state. As of October 2014, the FDIC working o'er 7,000 mass and insured over 6,000 institutions.^[47]

Government Reserve

The Fed headquarters

The Union soldier Reserve Organisation, likewise referred to as the Fed, is the central banking system of the United States. The Federal was established on December 23, 1913, as part of the Federal Reserve Act, as a consequence of commercial enterprise crises that many believed showed a need for central master of the Carry Nation's medium of exchange. Financial crises, such as the Great Depression and the Great Corne, led to the expansion of the Fed's authority and responsibilities.^[48]

According to the Fed, its duties fall under four areas:

conducting the nation's monetary insurance by influencing the monetary and credit conditions in the economy in pursuit of maximum employment, stable prices, and medium long-acting-term interest rates
supervising and regulating banking institutions to ensure the prophylactic and soundness of the nation's banking and business enterprise system and to protect the credit rights of consumers
maintaining the stability of the financial system and containing systemic jeopardy that may arise in financial markets
providing financial services to depository institutions, the U.S. politics, and foreign formal institutions, including performin a major role in operating the nation's payments system^[49] ^[18]

The Federal Reserve is composed of the Dining table of Governors (who are presidentially appointed), the Federal Open Market Committee, twelve Federal Reserve Sir Joseph Banks, in camera closely-held member banks, and consultive councils.^[50]

As the Fed is the central bank of the nation, the United States government receives the profits of the system, after a dividend is paid to member Banks. In 2015, the Fed made a profit of $100.2 billion, of which $97.7 one thousand million went to the U.S. government Treasury. The rest was used to fund a redundant account for federal infrastructure projects.^[51]

Business Stability Oversight Council

See also: Financial Constancy Oversight Council

The Financial Stability Lapse Council (FSOC) is an organization established low-level the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Straighten out and Consumer Protection Act to monitor and respond to risks to the United States' financial system. The body politi's financial system is a complex mesh of Sir Joseph Banks and investment firms that facilitates exchanges between lenders and borrowers; it is the base for all economic activity in the nation. The FSOC was tensile in on July 21, 2010, when President Barack Obama (D) signed the Dodd-Frank Act into legal philosophy.^[52]

The council was created to identify risks to U.S. business stableness both inside and outside of the financial services market and to react to threats to the U.S. financial system. The FSOC too aims to "promote grocery store discipline, by eliminating expectations […] that the politics volition shield [business institutions] from losings in the event of failure."^[52]

Political entity Credit Join Disposal

The National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) is an free-living federal agency created to regulate and supervise federal accredit unions. The NCUA was in the beginning titled the Bureau of Federal Quotation Unions, and was renamed in 1970 cod to an overhauling of sanction and the formation of the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF), a fund intended to insure deposits at federal course credit unions.^[53]

The NCUA is governed away a three-member board appointed by the President of the U.S.A with the advice and accept of the USA Senate. Members serve six-year footing. The NCUA is organized done quintet regional offices, which cover specific states and territories. As of May 2016, the NCUA exploited ended 1,200 the great unwashe.^[54]

The like the FDIC, the NCUA and NCUSIF do not receive public pecuniary resource and are instead funded aside dues paid by involved national credit unions. Totally federally-chartered credit unions are requisite to participate, and thought it is non required of them, most state-hired credit unions also participate. Deposits at federal credit unions are insured up to $250,000.^[55]

Securities and Exchange Commission

See too: Securities and Exchange Commission

The United States SEC (SEC) is a regime government agency responsible for the regulation of the res publica's securities industry. The agency enforces securities laws and proposes rules. The agency was constituted in 1934 with the passageway of the Securities Exchange Act. The Secant has authorization to regulate the securities industry. This includes the authority to draft regulations for the industry. SEC regulations let in requiring brokers to disclose fiscal entropy about the securities they whir to the world. In increase, the SEC has the power to enforce federal securities laws. The Enforcement Division of the SEC is tasked with investigating allegations of violations and delivery action against violators. The SEC can only bring civil action in a district court against violators. The SEC may refer violators to state and federal prosecutors to bring criminal charges.^[56]

Congressional committees

United States of America Senate

Committee on Finance

The United States Senate Committee on Finance is a standing committee of the U.S. Senate. It has jurisdiction over matters of in the public eye deposits, taxation, and other revenue measures. The table below lists members of the committee in the 115th Conjunctive States Congress.

Committee on Finance Members, 2017-2018
Elected members (12)	Republican members (14)
• Ron Wyden (Oregon) Ranking Member	• Orrin Think of (Utah) Chairman
• Debbie Stabenow (Michigan)	• Chuck Grassley (Iowa)
• Maria Cantwell (Evergreen State)	• Mike Crapo (Idaho)
• Bill Nelson (Florida)	• Chuck Roberts (Kaw River)
• Robert Menendez (New Jersey)	• Michael Enzi (Wyoming)
• Dylan Marlais Thomas Niggler (Delaware)	• Saint John the Apostle Cornyn (Texas)
• Benjamin Cardin (Maryland)	• John Thune (South Dakota)
• Sherrod Brown (Buckeye State)	• Richard Burr (North Carolina)
• Michael Bennet (Colorado)	• Johnny Isakson (Peach State)
• Robert Casey (Pennsylvania)	• Rob Portman (Ohio)
• Mark Warner (Virginia)	• Patrick Toomey (PA)
• Claire McCaskill (MO)	• James Dean Heller (Sagebrush State)
	• Tim Scott (South Carolina)
	• Bill Cassidy (LA)

United States House of Representatives

Citizens committee on Financial Services

The U.S. House of Representatives Committee happening Financial Services is a standing committee of the U.S. House of Representatives of Representatives. Information technology has jurisdiction over Sir Joseph Banks, down payment insurance, and other finance matters. The defer below lists members of the commission in the 115th Congress.

Committee on Financial Services Members, 2017-2018
Democratic members (26)	Republican members (34)
• Maxine Waters (California) Ranking Member	• Jeb Hensarling (TX) Chairman
• Carolyn Maloney (New York State)	• Peter Male monarch (New York)
• Nydia Velázquez (Fres York)	• Duke of Windsor Royce (California)
• Brad Sherman (Calif.)	• Wiener Lucas (Oklahoma)
• Gregory Meeks (New York State)	• Patrick McHenry (N)
• Michael Capuano (Massachusetts)	• Stevan Pearce (New United Mexican States)
• William Lacy Clay (Missouri River)	• Circular Posey (Florida)
• Stephen Lynch (Massachusetts)	• Blaine Luetkemeyer (Missouri)
• David Scott (Georgia)	• Card Huizenga (Michigan)
• Atomic number 13 Special K (Texas)	• Sean Duffy (Wisconsin River)
• Emanuel Cleaver (Missouri)	• Steve Stivers (Ohio)
• Gwen Moore (Wisconsin)	• Randy Hultgren (Illinois)
• Keith Ellison (Minnesota)	• Dennis Sir Ronald Ross (FL)
• Ed Perlmutter (Colorado)	• Robert Pittenger (North Carolina)
• James Himes (Connecticut)	• Ann Wagner (Missouri)
• Beak Foster (Illinois)	• Andy Barr (Kentucky)
• Dan Kildee (Michigan)	• Keith Rothfus (Pennsylvania)
• John the Divin Delaney (Maryland)	• Luke Messer (Hoosier State)
• Kyrsten Sinema (Arizona)	• Scott Tipton (Centennial State)
• Joyce Beatty (Ohio)	• Roger Williams (Texas)
• Denny Heck (Washington)	• Bruce Poliquin (Maine)
• Juan Vargas (California)	• Mia Love (Utah)
• Chaff Gottheimer (New Jersey)	• French Pitcher's mound (Arkansas)
• Vicente Gonzalez (Texas)	• Uncle Tom Emmer (Minnesota)
• Charlie Crist (Florida)	• Lee Zeldin (Empire State)
• Ruben Kihuen (Nevada)	• David Trott (Michigan)
	• Barry Loudermilk (Georgia)
	• Alexander Mooney (West Virginia)
	• Thomas MacArthur (New Jersey)
	• Warren Davidson (Ohio)
	• Tedd Budd (Tar Heel State)
	• David Kustoff (Tennessee)
	• Claudia Tenney (New House of York)
	• Triad Hollingsworth (Indiana)

Subcommittees

Capital Markets and Government Sponsored Enterprises

The Subcommittee on Capital Markets and Government Sponsored Enterprises has jurisdiction concluded securities and housing finance laws. The subcommittee oversees the governmental entities authorized to follow up and enforce these laws, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Federal Housing Finance Agency and its regulated government sponsored entities, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and the Federal Home Lend Banks.^[57]

Fiscal Institutions and Consumer Citation

The Subcommittee connected Business Institutions and Consumer Credit has jurisdiction concluded federal police governing depository institutions and consumer recognition. The subcommittee oversees banking regulators such as the Authorities Posit Indemnity Corporation and the Federal Reserve System, nonbank financial services providers much atomic number 3 consumer reporting agencies, and matters pertaining to consumer credit. ^[58]

Subcommittee happening Oversight and Investigations

The Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations has legal power for ensuring that federal agencies, and nonpublic entities are operating within federal law. Specifically, the Subcommittee is charged with the oversight of every federal business regulators, and is authorized to take investigations into allegations of fraud, waste operating theatre abuse in the public sector, or misconduct in the personal sector.^[59]

Recent statute law

The following is a list of new finance policy bills that have been introduced in operating theater passed by the United States Congress. To learn more about apiece of these bills, click the bill title of respect. This info is provided by BillTrack50 and LegiScan.

Note: Attributable the nature of the sorting appendage misused to bring fort this list, some results may non glucinium relevant to the topic. If no bills are displayed below, then no statute law pertaining to this subject has been introduced in the legislature recently.

External golf links

Federal Deposit Insurance Pot
U.S. House Financial Services Committee

Footnotes

↑ Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, "Government Operation and Results Represent Annual Performance Report 2011," July 10, 2012
↑ The National Bureau of Economic Research, "A Brief History of Regulations Regarding Financial Markets in the United States: 1789 to 2009," September 2011
↑ Federal Deposit Insurance Potbelly, "The U.S. Federal official Commercial enterprise Restrictive System: Restructuring Federal soldier Bank Regulation," January 19, 2006
↑ Brookings, "The Origins of the Financial Crisis," November 24, 2008
↑ The Cato Institute, "Did Deregulation Cause the Financial Crisis?" July 2009
↑ Investopedia, "Commercial Savings bank," accessed October 18, 2016
↑ Investopedia, "Credit Union," accessed October 18, 2016
↑ Stage business Lexicon, "Depository mental home," accessed October 18, 2016
↑ Investopedia, "Financial System," accessed October 18, 2016
↑ Investopedia, "Investiture Banking," accessed October 18, 2016
↑ Investopedia, "Security," accessed October 18, 2016
↑ Federal Reserve History, "The Panic of 1907," accessed Nov 2, 2016
↑ Investopedia, "Bank Panic of 1907," accessed November 2, 2016
↑ Reserve bank of Boston, "Panic of 1907," accessed November 2, 2016
↑ The NY Times, "What Is Glass-Steagall? The 82-Class-Old Banking Law That Stirred the Debate," Oct 14, 2015
↑ The Street Journal, "Extended Study of Corking Depression Has Shaped Bernanke's Views," December 7, 2005
↑ Investopedia, "The Great Corne," accessed November 1, 2016
↑ ^18.0 ^18.1 ^18.2 ^18.3 ^18.4 ^18.5 ^18.6 Note: This text is quoted verbatim from the freehand reservoir. Whatsoever inconsistencies are attributable to the original informant.
↑ Bureau of Labor Statistics, "The Corne of 2007–2009," February 2012
↑ The Atlantic, "It Wasn't Household Debt That Caused the Great Recession," May 21, 2014
↑ Heritage Instauratio, "Government Policies Caused The Financial Crisis And Made the Recession Worse," accessed December 1, 2016
↑ United States Treasury Department, "Tarpaulin Programs," Jan 13, 2016
↑ The Rising York Times, "If It's Too Big to Fail, Is It Too Big to Exist?" June 20, 2009
↑ Office of the Clerk, "Final Suffrage Results for Roll Call 413," accessed October 11, 2016
↑ Commercial enterprise Services Committee, "Supervision of Dodd-Outspoken Act Effectuation," accessed October 11, 2016
↑ Government Publishing Berth, "HR 4137," January 5, 2010
↑ Dodd Frank Update, "Dodd-Frank Summary," accessed Sep 8, 2016
↑ whitehouse.gov, "Remarks aside the Chairperson at Signing of Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act," July 21, 2010
↑ Washington Times, "Boehner calls for annul of Wall Street see the light bill," July 15, 2010
↑ Government Publication Berth, "Exigency Economic Stabilisation Act of 2008, Pub. L. No, 110–343, 122 STAT. 3765 (2008)", accessed December 31, 2016
↑ The White House: President George W. Bush, "President Bush Discusses Exigency Economic Stabilisation Play of 2008," October 3, 2008
↑ Politico, "Criticism of TARP persists," October 1, 2010
↑ Verbaliser of the House, "GOP Drawing card: "I remain disappointed about the way TARP has been managed and how its resources have been spent over the last several months,"" January 11, 2009
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